Izinto ezithintela ilangatye: Izongezo zesibini ezinkulu zerabha kunye neplastiki
I-flame retardersisincedisi esisetyenziselwa ukuthintela izinto ukuba zingatsha kwaye zithintele ukusasazeka komlilo. Sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zepolymer. Ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezinto ezenziweyo kunye nokuphuculwa kancinci kwemigangatho yokukhusela umlilo, izinto ezithintela umlilo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiplastiki, irabha, iingubo, njl. Ngokwezinto eziphambili zeekhemikhali eziluncedo kwi-FR, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu: izinto ezithintela umlilo ezingaphiliyo, izinto ezithintela umlilo ezibangela i-halogenated kunye nezinto ezithintela umlilo ezibangela i-phosphorus.
Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ezingaphiliyoIsebenza ngokwasemzimbeni, engasebenzi kakuhle kwaye inokongeza okuninzi. Inempembelelo ethile ekusebenzeni kwezinto. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi ingasetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi ezineemfuno eziphantsi zokusebenza, ezifana neeplastiki ze-PE, i-PVC, njl. Thatha i-aluminium hydroxide (ATH) njengomzekelo. Iya kuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwaye ibole emva kokuba ifudunyezwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-200 ℃. Inkqubo yokubola ifunxa ubushushu kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi, ukuze kuthintelwe ukunyuka kobushushu bezinto, kuncitshiswe ubushushu bomphezulu wezinto, kuncitshiswe isantya sokuqhekeka kobushushu. Kwangaxeshanye, umphunga wamanzi unganciphisa uxinzelelo lweoksijini kwaye uthintele ukutsha. I-alumina eveliswa kukubola inamathele kumphezulu wezinto, nto leyo enokuthintela ngakumbi ukusasazeka komlilo.
Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ze-halogen zendaloIsebenzisa kakhulu indlela yamakhemikhali. Ukusebenza kwayo kuphezulu kwaye ukongezwa kwayo kuyafana kwaye kuhambelana kakuhle neepolymers. Zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-electronic castings, iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo kunye nezinye izinto zombane. Nangona kunjalo, ziya kukhupha iigesi ezinobuthi nezirhabaxa, ezineengxaki ezithile zokhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.IiBrominated flame retardants (iiBFR)ikakhulu zizinto ezithintela ilangabi ezine-halogen. Enye yi-izinto ezithintela umlilo ze-chloro-series (ii-CFR). Ubushushu bazo bokubola bufana nobo bezinto zepolymer. Xa iipolymers zishushu kwaye zibola, ii-BFRs nazo ziqala ukubola, zingene kwindawo yokutsha yesigaba segesi kunye neemveliso zokubola kobushushu, zithintele ukusabela kwaye zithintele ukusasazeka komlilo. Kwangaxeshanye, igesi ekhutshiweyo igubungela umphezulu wezinto ukuze ivale kwaye inciphise uxinzelelo lweoksijini, kwaye ekugqibeleni inciphise ukusabela komlilo ide ipheliswe. Ukongeza, ii-BFRs zihlala zisetyenziswa kunye ne-antimony oxide (ATO). I-ATO ngokwayo ayinalo ulindelo lomlilo, kodwa inokusebenza njenge-catalyst yokukhawulezisa ukubola kwe-bromine okanye i-chlorine.
Izinto ezithintela ilangatye ze-phosphorus zendalo (ii-OPFR)Isebenza ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweekhemikhali, ngokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye neenzuzo zetyhefu ephantsi, ukuqina kunye nokusebenza ngexabiso eliphezulu. Ukongeza, inokuphucula ukutyibilika kwe-alloy, ibonelele ngomsebenzi weplastiki kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo. Ngeemfuno eziphezulu zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ii-OPFR zithatha indawo yee-BFR kancinci kancinci njengeemveliso eziphambili.
Nangona ukongezwa kwe-FR kungenakukwenza ukuba izinto zikwazi ukumelana ngokupheleleyo nomlilo, kunokuyiphepha ngempumelelo into "yokutsha kwe-flash", kunciphise ukwenzeka komlilo kwaye kufumane ixesha elibalulekileyo lokubaleka kubantu abakwindawo yomlilo. Ukuqiniswa kweemfuno zesizwe zobuchwepheshe obuthintela umlilo kukwenza amathuba ophuhliso lwe-FR abe banzi ngakumbi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-19-2021